A practical, source-linked guide to discuss values, choose a trusted decision-maker, and find the correct local documents before an emergency. This page is designed to help you prepare a clearer conversation and leave with one owned next step.
Before you start
Invite the person affected into the decision whenever possible. Record only information the group actually needs, keep it somewhere appropriate, and distinguish what someone observed from what they assume.
This guide is general education, not medical, legal, or emergency advice. Health needs and legal forms vary. Use a qualified clinician, attorney, local aging service, or emergency service for individual decisions. If a change is sudden, dangerous, or feels like an emergency, stop planning and seek urgent help.
Five practical steps
- 1. Begin with values and acceptable quality of life.
- 2. Choose a health care proxy who can act.
- 3. Discuss common decision situations.
- 4. Complete jurisdiction-appropriate documents with qualified help.
- 5. Share copies and review after major changes.
Put an owner and date beside each action. If the right professional, permission, document, or local service is missing, make obtaining that the next step instead of guessing.
Worked example
A healthy adult tells family what matters most, names a willing proxy, completes the appropriate forms, shares them with clinicians and loved ones, and schedules an annual review instead of assuming everyone knows.
The useful result is not a perfect binder. It is a shared understanding of the current situation, the next action, and the change that should trigger another conversation.
Make a one-page plan
| Write down | Why it matters |
|---|---|
| The person’s goal | Keeps support centered on what they want to preserve. |
| Current facts and open questions | Separates observations from assumptions. |
| Next action, owner, and date | Turns concern into follow-through. |
| Backup person or service | Prevents one missing helper from becoming a crisis. |
| Review trigger | Defines when the plan needs to change. |
Questions to use in the conversation
- What matters most to the person affected?
- What has changed, and when did it change?
- Which part needs a clinician, pharmacist, attorney, or local aging service?
- Who owns the next action, and what is the backup?
- What would make us revisit this plan sooner?
Sources and review note
- NIA: advance care planning ↗
- NIA: decisions for someone at end of life ↗
- Administration for Community Living ↗
Source links checked July 13, 2026. These guides have not yet completed independent clinician review. Follow each publisher for revisions and confirm that guidance applies to the person, location, and situation.